ZyXEL NAS 326 - cannot install new SSL certificate for https

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dave08
dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
10 Comments
edited March 22 in Personal Cloud Storage

Hello. Last year, following the instructions at https://mysupport.zyxel.com/hc/en-us/articles/360006916979--NSA-NAS-How-to-fix-certificate-error-on-browser-when-accessing-NAS-WebUI

I was able to install a certificate to my NAS. I have a public IP address with a DNS record which then I forward to an internal IP. It worked perfectly after removing everything at /etc/zyxel/cert except for the new certificate renamed to default.cer and key/default_key.cer.

Being almost expired, I renew the certificate and follow the same procedure as last year. The problem is that the certificate and key file are rewritten every reboot, and the NAS keeps using a new self signed certificate each time. I may have upgraded the firmware during last year (currently running V5.21(AAZF.15).

Was there any change in the procedure to install a certificate?

Also, I was trying to manual upgrade to latest V5.21(AAZF.16)C0, and after 2 reboots, it still shows the previous firmware version ?!

Thanks and regards.

Accepted Solution

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
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    Answer ✓
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    Ok, so I have a solution but it won't allow me to access SSL configurations through Control Panel.

    I had to copy my CSR.p10 again to /etc/zyxel/cert. I had removed it from there because last year I had to erase all files except default.cer and default_key.cer (under the folder named "key").

    Then I can access the SSL web interface and import the signed certificate. The NAS then restarts the network and in the meantime I could confirm the new CA.cer and CA_key.cer in /etc/service_conf/ are my certificates. Now I have valid certificates, the only problem is I can't acces SSL configurations in Control Panel. I had this problem last year and solved it by removing all files under /etc/zyxel/cert and leaving just my certificate and key renamed to default.cer and default_key.cer.

    I've also tried this, but If i do, after a reboot the certificates are generated again under /etc/service_conf and /etc/zyxel/cert.

    So, if no one has a better idea, I'll leave it for now.

    Regards.

«1

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  • Mijzelf
    Mijzelf Posts: 2,610  Guru Member
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    Long shot. Do you still have the old certificate, and can you compare it with the new one? I wonder if some new Signature Algorithm or something like that is used, which is not supported by the aging webserver on the box.

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
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    Thanks for the reply. Unfortunately, the new one is the same type and size.

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
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    edited March 28
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    Checking /etc/init.d/httpd.sh I found the script checks for existing /etc/service_conf/CA.cer and CA_key.cer. If they do not exist, it copies them from /etc/zyxel/cert.

    I overwrote both certificate and key at these two locations, rebooted, but nevertheless they are rewritten upon reboot.

    Any ideas, please?

  • Mijzelf
    Mijzelf Posts: 2,610  Guru Member
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    When you copy the files to /etc/zyxel/cert/, can you run dmesg after that to see if there are filesystem errors on that flash partition?

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
    10 Comments
    edited April 2
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    I'm sorry, but didn't find anything related in dmesg after copying the certificate and key.

    Nevertheless, I've found:

    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 208
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711109576: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156311586: block 1250431372
    EXT4-fs error (device md2): htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode #156872721: block 1254626161: comm python: bad entry in directory: rec_len is smaller than minimal - offset=2664(10856), inode=0, rec_len=0, name_len=0
    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 209
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711622074: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156872721: block 1254626161
    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 209
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711622074: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156872721: block 1254626161
    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 209
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711622074: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156872721: block 1254626161
    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 209
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711622074: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156872721: block 1254626161

    But I'm not sure if this was after I copied the file.

  • Mijzelf
    Mijzelf Posts: 2,610  Guru Member
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    But I'm not sure if this was after I copied the file.

    Yeah. It's nice that the kernel is compiled to not use timestamps here. I don't think this has to do with your problem. /dev/md2 is the data partition, that shouldn't be involved in certificate actions. Yet it's not a good idea to have filesystem errors there, of course.

    I did a grep on my 520. The file /sbin/zyshd seems responsible for generating the new certificate:

    /etc/zyxel/cert/
    
CA.cer
    
/etc/zyxel/cert/key/
    
CA_key.cer
    
CSR_key.p10
    
default.cer
    
default_key.cer
    
/etc/service_conf/
    
%s x509 -inform %s -in %s -outform PEM -out %s
    
/usr/bin/openssl
    
%s "%s" "%s"

    zyshd is the binary which is responsible for all nas management in background. It generates and edits configuration files in /etc (which is on a ramdrive, and thus volatile). So apparently something triggers it to generate a new certificate on boot.

    the new one is the same type and size.

    Did you actually look inside the file? An x509 certificate is a textfile.

    Have you checked if the webserver actually can use your new certificate by manually restarting it after copying the files to /etc/service_conf/? If yes, a work around could be possible by automatically copying the files from elsewhere and restarting the webserver.

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
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    Run e2fsck -n /dev/md2 and rebooted.

    Now dmesg only shows:

    EXT4-fs (md2): error count: 209
    EXT4-fs (md2): initial error at 1574712239: ext4_mb_generate_buddy:755
    EXT4-fs (md2): last error at 1711622074: htree_dirblock_to_tree:920: inode 156872721: block 1254626161

    after the reboot, both certificates at /etc/zyxel/cert and /etc/service_conf were recreated :(

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
    10 Comments
    edited April 2
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    Thanks for the reply. My NAS326 doesn't have a /sbin/zyshd . I didn't know /etc/zyxel was volatile…interesting.

    As for the certificates, they are exactly as they intended: I had checked them already with

    openssl x509 -in…The DNS name is ok, it is the same type as the self generated but 2048 bits instead of 4096 as the self generated( I wrote this wrongly on a previous post). The previous I used last year was also 2048, so I don't think this should be an issue. The problem is that there are several /etc/init.d/ http related scripts. After I kill them all I wasn't able to successfully start http again.

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
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    After stopping httpd with /etc/init.d/httpd.sh stop I can't start it again. Also tried to stop pkghttpd.sh and davhttpd.sh and then httpd.sh but still no result. Couldn't find documentation yet about starting these processes manually.

  • dave08
    dave08 Posts: 15  Freshman Member
    10 Comments
    edited April 4
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    Http related processes before trying a /etc/init.d/httpd.sh restart

    /etc/zyxel/cert # ps | grep http
    2533 root 9888 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    2637 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    2638 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    3404 root 10416 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    3495 root 12056 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    3496 root 12056 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    3701 root 9892 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    3789 nobody 22436 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    5666 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    5675 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    5713 nobody 22424 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    7432 nobody 22412 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    10393 nobody 22412 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    11631 nobody 11412 S N /usr/sbin/httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd.conf
    13299 root 2656 S grep http

    After the restart, I get fewer processess. Admin page not working but /MyWeb/shares do:

    /etc/init.d/httpd.sh restart
    killall: httpd: no process killed
    /etc/zyxel/cert # ps | grep http
    2533 root 9888 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    2637 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    2638 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    3404 root 10416 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    3495 root 12056 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    3496 root 12056 S /sbin/DAV_httpd -f /etc/service_conf/httpd_dav.conf
    5666 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    5675 nobody 11544 S /i-data/.system/zy-pkgs/pkg_httpd -f /etc/pkg_service_conf/httpd2.conf
    13392 root 2656 S grep http

    why would httpd not restart? I've tried running manually the commands that are in httpd.sh.

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